Many people think FinTech means building digital banking apps. But whole ecosystems of companies build the systems that power those apps.
| Layer | What lives there |
|---|---|
| 1 · Customer experience | Banking apps · Investor portals · Merchant dashboards |
| 2 · Business capabilities | Loan workflows · Payment orchestration · Fraud detection · Claims processing |
| 3 · Financial core systems | Core banking · Ledgers · Card processing · Policy administration · Trading systems |
| 4 · Shared technology infrastructure | Cloud · APIs · Identity · Data infrastructure · Security · Messaging |
Each layer depends on the one below it and serves the one above.
This is a conceptual architecture: real-world systems often span several layers.
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Related: Financial services